{Superstrings and Fundamental Forces}[21st October 1987]

[Redbook4:149-152][19871021:1425]{Superstrings and Fundamental Forces}[21st October 1987]

19871021:1425

The Encyclopaedia Britannica Science Year Book 'Science and the Future' has just arrived; and I have just read the article on Superstrings. I have attempted to read articles on this subject in New Scientist in the past, without much comprehension.

It is intriguing that, in quantum theory [sic], the 12 fermions (matter particles) have an intrinsic angular momentum (or spin) of magnitude ½; but that the 4 force (or field) particles have spin 1*: these are called bosons, having integer spin.

But it is fascinating – even though I find the concept of a one-dimensional string difficult** – to learn that superstring theory now proposes that particles are fundamentally closed loops*** vibrating with various energies (giving mass) and angular momentum (giving spin); that they can touch and part (collide), ****merge to create one where there were two, or divide to create two where there was one; that (the heterotic string version) creation contains 10# dimensions of which 6 have become hidden (or ‘curled up’) – when moving clockwise#* in a closed loop or string (i.e. fermions (MATTER) (E[ncylopaedia] B[ritannica] 16.847); but that in the same closed loop or string, when moving anti-clockwise#** there are 26#*** dimensions (i.e. bosons (FORCES) (E[ncylopaedia] B[ritannica] 16.847); and that when the 16 extra dimensions are mathematically curled up to give 10 for the whole string, the mathematical group structure (whatever that means) that emerges is described as E₈ x E₈ .#****

(I was interrupted by repeated domestic nagging – not [W], who never does, but poor [d], who is seeking attention after [s]’s birth. Normally I can cope with this: it only really winds me up, to her detriment, if I am engaged on something slightly too difficult for me to comprehend – like this.)

*except the graviton, conjectured as having spin 2.

**(I got my dimensions wrong) <871123>

***(i.e. [as are] Circles [sic])

****(i.e. mingling and merging) cf. [[Redbook4:78-81][19871002:2245c]{Spiritual Fusion}[2nd October 1987],] p.78-79

#i.e. Qualities (cf. [[Redbook4:142-143][19871020:2058]{Angelic Hierarchies [continued (19)]}[20th October 1987],] p.142-3)

#*(i.e. Outer Circle)

#**(i.e. Inner Circle)

#***(cf.: 8 Outer Circle stations, then 8 Inner Circle stations, (cancelling each other out) + 10 categories of Qualities?)

#****& apparently implies a separate ‘shadow’ Universe sharing only Gravity but with matter and forces of its own. (cf. The Spiritual Realm? Linked through +C at Attraction/Unity (cf. II.[[Redbook2:159A(-W)][19791021:2000]{Fundamental Forces}[21st October 1979]]159A[ff],

II.[##]246A [##referring to a set of sheets of speculative rough notes and diagrams inserted in the manuscript volume but not (yet) included in the typescript or posted, headed as follows:

246A&B: {Forces & Particles} [but see re 246A, final ref in fn*** to next entry];

246C,D&E: {Fundamental Forces};

246F: {Fundamental Particles};

246G: {Fundamental Spin}, [[Redbook2:246G][c19820818]{Fundamental Spin}[c.18^th August 1982]] including a simple circle diagram and the following text: ‘The Universe at Time Zero consists of a Singularity – concentrated energy without only [sic – “out” had been deleted but much more recently reinstated**] one dimension. As time begins to run, the creation of a 4-dimensional ‘polarity’ centred on this singularity – Space-Time – provides a counteractive (i.e. centrifugal) force to the Point-Zero Singularity (Gravity). {But see IV.149 [this entry]}’]).

[continues]

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