[Redbook8:94][19901107:1007i]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (11)]}[7th November 1990]
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‘Paleolithic art represents an unbroken religious and artistic tradition lasting for 20,000 years, a phenomenon that has not been repeated.’*
☼
* – ibid [The Encylopaedia of Visual Art], 10 (A. Sieveking)
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[Redbook8:93][19901107:1007h]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (10)]}[7th November 1990]
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[continued]
Mural art was originally thought to be a type of sympathetic magic to aid hunting, but no longer; it is now perceived to follow a formula. Horses and * Bovines are prominent and central.
*(J~)
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[Redbook8:93][19901107:1007h]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (9)] – Sanctuaries}[7th November 1990]
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[continued]
‘There are decorated caves of an early date but present evidence suggests that the use of deep caves was short-lived. The decorated rock-shelters and shallow daylit caves are mainly of earlier or later date … while in the Middle Magdalenian period (from approximately 15,000 to 14,000 BC[E]) there was a fashion for decorating caves progressively deeper and where access was more difficult.... The majority are difficult to reach and cannot have had an everyday use and, although miniature art may have filled that requirement, the deep caves were apparently abandoned in the Late Magdalenian in favo[u]r of open-air sanctuaries once more, formed by groups of engraved plaquettes or wall engravings.’*
* – ibid [The Encylopaedia of Visual Art], 9-10
[continued]
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[Redbook8:93][19901107:1007h]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (8)]} Upper Paleolithic Age [colours] [7th November 1990]
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[continued]
Upper Paleolithic Age
*
– black, red, brown, yellow, and, very rarely, purple
*{cf X: [] 337}
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[Redbook8:91-93][19901107:1007g]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (7)] – The Paleolithic Venus [continued (3)]}[7th November 1990]
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[continued]
‘The greatest achievements in naturalistic representation in the Upper Paleolithic period (whether in two dimensions or three), with one very important exception, were made at a late stage. This exception is the group of miniature sculptured female figures, described as “Venuses”., that are found between Europe’s Atlantic coast and Siberia at an early stage of the Upper Paleolithic, a period described variously as the Upper Perigordian or Gravettian, * which dates from c27,000 to 23,000 years ago.’**
*{cf [entry before last (&f?), [Redbook8:91-93][19901107:1007e]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (5)] – The Paleolithic Venus}[7th November 1990](&f?),] 91}
** – ibid [The Encylopaedia of Visual Art], 6, ‘Paleolithic Venuses’
[The whole of the article or essay referred to here, which takes the form of an inset box in the Encylopaedia of Visual Art, with 8 illustrations, is photocopied in the ms at this 7 the last previous entry [[Redbook8:91-93][19901107:1007e]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (7)] – The Paleolithic Venus [continued (3)]}[7th November 1990]&ant,] 92A; the opening extract included in this entry has been hand-copied into the ms]
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[Redbook8:91-93][19901107:1007f]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (6)] – The Paleolithic Venus [continued]}[7th November 1990]
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[continued]
‘Schematic decoration is used on tools and ornaments in Western Europe, * but it is here that the naturalistic tradition has its greatest development and this is reflected in both miniature and mural art. Engravings of animals occur on non-manufactured pieces and on bone and antler tools, and low- and full-relief carvings are used. Decorated pieces are known from all Upper Paleolithic stages in France and Spain but more than 80 per cent of such work, as well as that of greatest quality, belongs to the middle and late stages of the Magdalenian, that is from c13,000 to 8,000 years BC[E].**
*
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** – ibid [The Encylopaedia of Visual Art], 5
***{?}
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[Redbook8:91-93][19901107:1007e]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (5)] – The Paleolithic Venus}[7th November 1990]
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[continued]
‘Venuses’, which are considered to be perhaps house guardians* rather than erotica, are ‘both more numerous and of greater variety in the East, ** suggesting that this was the cult’s area of origin, but they occur in Western Europe *** and appear at a similar date, that is in the Upper Paleolithic, between approximately 26,000 and 24,000 years BC[E}.**** As in the East it is common to find a group of Venuses at one location....#
‘The western Venuses are similar to the eastern and follow the same later pattern of stylization, finally making a transition to mural art, as at Angles sur l’Anglin in Vienne (France) where, on the frieze, three half-figures are carved in low relief, among the animals.#*
#
*(cf G~, defender of Paradise)
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***(cf VII. [[Redbook7:345][19900930:2135]{The Cave Bear and Venus}[30th September 1990],] 345)
****{cf [next entry (&f(f?)?), [Redbook8:91][19901107:1007e]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (5)] – The Paleolithic Venus}[7th November 1990]&f(f?)?,] 92}
# – ibid [The Encylopaedia of Visual Art], 5
#*cf VII. [[Redbook7:345][19900930:2135]{The Cave Bear and Venus}[30th September 1990],] 345
(Venus & Cave Bear)
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[Redbook8:91][19901107:1007d]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (4)]}[7th November 1990]
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[continued]
‘As it has no precursors, so Paleolithic art* has no direct descendants – the Mesolithic cultures that followed the Paleolithic in Europe produced little art and that of a simple and rudimentary type. With the exception of the narrative rock-shelter painting of the Spanish Levant, which has only tentative links with Paleolithic art, the naturalistic tradition died out completely at the end of the last Ice Age.’**
It is also limited to Spain, France and Switzerland (miniature, and mural, art); and Italy, Central Europe, European Russia, and Siberia (miniature art only).
*[See last previous entry]
**– ibid [The Encylopaedia of Visual Art] p3
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[Redbook8:90-91][19901107:1007c]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued (3)]}[7th November 1990]
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[continued]
‘Much of the painting* is beautiful and highly accomplished; in its context doubly surprising both by its quality and character, for very few primitive people exploit the naturalistic element in art.**
‘Paleolithic art has a time span of more than 20,000 years, lasting from approximately 30,000 to 9,500 years ago. The first datable art objects that we have are ascribed to the Aurignacian Culture*** (an early geographical variant within the Upper Paleolithic) and were found at Vogelherd, in West Germany, in a level dated more than 30,000 years BC[E]. One of the characteristics of Paleolithic art is its homogeneity and its adherence to formulas.’****
*[See last previous entry]
** – ibid [The Encylopaedia of Visual Art, p2]
***in which the first Cro-Magnon remains were (probably) discovered
(ref E[ncylopaedia] B[ritannica] 18:966
**** – ibid [The Encylopaedia of Visual Art, p2]
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[Redbook8:90][19901107:1007b]{The History of Art[:]}{The Paleolithic Period [continued]}[7th November 1990]
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[continued]
‘The pigments used* are manganese, carbon and ochres with a colour range** of black, red, brown, yellow and, very rarely, purple.’***
*(in mural art of this period)
[See last previous entry]
**{cf [[Redbook8:98-99][19901108:1030]{[The History of Art][The Neolithic Period] – Sacred Curves}[8th November 1990],] 99
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*** – ibid [The Encylopaedia of Visual Art, p2]
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[Redbook8:90-91][19901107:1007]{The History of Art[:]}*{The Paleolithic Period}[7th November 1990]
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**
‘Paleolithic is the name given to that period of Man’s history before he invented agriculture, domesticated animals, or discovered the use of metals. For his subsistence he depended on hunting and gathering, a way of life that sufficed for more than two million*** years. Art, however, had not so long a development, and is known only from the latest, or Upper, stage of the Paleolithic, a period we recognise by technological changes in bone-and-flint-tool production that took place c40,000 years ago.’
****
ie c32,768 +=215) years before the climatic changes of 8000bce,# which ‘initiated’ agriculture, towns, etc and the Holocene Age?
*<910716>
**VII. [[Redbook7:345][19900930:2135]{The Cave Bear and Venus}[30th September 1990]&ant?,] 345→
***ie 2,097,152+?
(=221)
**** – The Encylopaedia of Visual Art, p2.
#(8192 year cycle)
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[Redbook8:89A][19901107:1002]{The Self-destruction of St. Valentine}[7th November 1990]
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[An article presumed to be from The Independent, headed: ‘The Victims of St. Valentine’s Day’ and super-headed:‘While men are twice as likely as women to kill themselves, attempted suicide is more common in women – most of whom do not aim to die. This sex difference had puzzled psychiatrists for years and now one factor is emerging as the key: relationships. Jane Sullivan investigates.’ occupies the whole of p87. No parts are highlighted and there are no marginal or foot notes.]
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[Redbook8:88][19901106:1145]{The 1968 Cup Final}[6th November 1990]
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There’s an interesting clue in [2] (formerly [titled] ‘[...]’),* to the possible pre-existence in the (or at least my) ‘unconscious’ mind, of the historical pattern of precise cycles – or to an amazing coincidence.
xS has just arrived:
‘“Why have you come to Cambridge?” I asked her.
“To answer questions.”
“What – like who scored the winning goal in the 1968 Cup Final?”
She turned on me grey-blue eyes of such piercing clarity that I was struck dumb.’**
I seem to recall that I was simply looking for a facetious question for [the Narrator] to ask xS, but that once I had chosen the ‘winning goal in the Cup Final’ idea I had a little difficulty in settling on the date: the ?Leeds*** v[ersus] Chelsea match which I listened to in Paris (from homesickness), and which went into extra time – at a later date?**** – occurred to me, but for some reason I chose 1968 instead of that year (1970). ‘For some reason’ – but that the 64G~ year 1968# should push itself to the front in response to the [uncompleted] sentence ‘Who scored the winning goal in the 19-- Cup final?’ is remarkable, given that the Grail cup is the pre-eminent G~ symbol.#*
*ref [2](EoC) 3-2.17
(Should be 2-2.17!)
[Reference to original unrevised TS only, typed in Wales directly from ms written 30th December 1986 to 21st January 1987 in Scotland ]
**[Subject to revision. Continues: ‘When I raised my eyes from the ground, she was already walking down the hill, a slight figure among the grass waves. “[xS]!” I ran after her.’]
***[Yes – Leeds United]
****[Yes]
#[Not identified as such in this journal until some time later, after moving from Scotland to Wales: see [Redbook6:328][19891022:100b]{History Cycles}[22nd October 1989], the earliest note of it as such discovered in a search for ‘1968’]
#*[& that xS (R~) appears in [2] as one of the two sub-archetypes of +K (G~)]
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