Sunday, 1 December 2024

{[Islamic Art –] Visual Arts [continued –] Periods of Islamic Art [continued 17)]}[21st April 1991]

[Redbook9:162][19910421:1410aa]{[Islamic Art –] Visual Arts [continued –] Periods of Islamic Art [continued 17)]}[21st April 1991]


19910421:1410

[continued]



The Mamluks (1250-1517).*

The Mamluks were recruited as slave troops under the Ayyubids,** mainly from the region north of the Black Sea, then in the hands of the Golden Horde, the westernmost branch of the Mongols. The word “Mamluk” means “freed” and only the slaves who had been given their freedom after conversion to Islam and meritorious service were entitled to the name and were then eligible for civilian as well as military office of high rank. In 1259[ce] the Mamluk Baybars succeeded to the Ayyubid Empire in the control of which he was aided by other Mamluk emirs. Their offices were not hereditary but had to be filled by new generations of Mamluks. Their sons, having been born free, were disqualified. It was remarkable that such a regime retained power for 250 years, though there was a change of line in 1382[ce]*** when the rule passed to the Circassian or Burji Mamluk emirs with Barquq (1382-99[ce]) as first of this new line.

‘The period until 1322[ce] was dominated by the struggle to stem the advance of the Mongol armies into Syria. In 1322[ce] a truce was arrange in Aleppo....’

****



*{2048J~1280|G~1536[ce]}


**The dynasty of Saladin, who grew up in the service of the Zangids.

(ref [[Redbook9:161][19910421:1410v]{[Islamic Art –] Visual Arts [continued –] Periods of Islamic Art [continued 13) – ]{... and the Zodiac [continued (4)]}}[21st April 1991],] 161)

[– A reference to the photocopied text in that ms & ts journal entry, omitted from the blogged version]


***{2048JG~1408}


****– ibid [Encyclopaedia of Visual Arts 3:] 449



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[PostedBlogger01122024]


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