{Inca and Aztec Cycles?}[15th October 1990]

[Redbook8:30][19901015:2137]{Inca and Aztec Cycles?}[15th October 1990]

.2137

I note that the Inca and Aztec civilisations were extinguished by the Spaniards during the periods 1532-40 and 1519-c1540, respectively.* The end of the last significant Inca rebellion appears to have been in 1536ce, which is of course the last 512 C year before 2048ce.**

***

* E[ncyclopaedia] B[ritannica] 0:394-5

**{cf [[Redbook8:77][19901029:2345]{The End of the Middle Ages}[29th October 1990],] 77}

***{Further research required!}

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{Four Thousand Years BC[E]}*[15th October 1990]

[Redbook8:28-29][19901015:1710]{Four Thousand Years BC[E]}*[15th October 1990]

19901015.1710 (ff) (eg 920112)

↓↓64 year intervals

**

(cf also China & Rome c304-c589)

*[Possibly an intended humorous reference to the films ‘10,000 Years bc’ & ‘One Million Years bc’ ]

**[Header footnotes re 2^nd page HEADERS:]

BCE:

[Arrow continuing from previous page]

64 year intervals.

MESOPOTAMIA & IRAN:

See VI. [[Redbook6:255-257][19890913:0927f]{Biblical Circles (3)]}[13th September 1989],] 255 for Jewish history.

EGYPT:

(+ 1786 – 751[bce] Kingdom of Kush in Sudan.

SYRIA & PALESTINE:

(& Anatolia).

AMERICA:

(N[ew]S[cientist] 900908:69)

Monte Verde 11000 bce

Clovis 9000 bce.

***E[ncyclopaedia] B[ritannica] 0:344ff

[The remaining text from the ms chart reproduced here is just about legible in the ts when magnified on a PC screen, but unfortunately legibility has not survived the transfer to blog format. It may be typed in tabulated form at a later time.]

[See [Redbook8:30][19901015:1017]{4,000 Years BC[E] – Commentary (1)}[15th October 1990] (next entry but one]

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{Social movements [continued]}[13th October 1990]

[Redbook8:27][19901013:1905b]{Social movements [continued]}[13th October 1990]

.1905

[continued]

‘In a successful revolution, the social movement becomes the new source of authority and respectability, and opposition to its values is defined as counterrevolutionary [sic].* In other instances, the movement obtains power through secession.’**

***

‘Le Bon suggested that in a period of widespread discontent crowd action serves to destroy an old order in preparation for a new one. Social movements help to build the new order.’****

*

**[sic (not succession); ie withdrawal into a new social system]

***– ibid: [[Encyclopaedia Britannica 16:] 616

****– ibid: [[Encyclopaedia Britannica 16:] 617

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{Social movements}[13th October 1990]

[Redbook8:27][19901013:1905]{Social movements}[13th October 1990]

.1905

[continued]

‘The consequences of social movements.

*

‘It has been suggested that the committed participant in a social movement undergoes a psychological reorganisation.

**

It is clear that his new sense of security and importance is acquired at the sacrifice of autonomy.

***

As a loyal member he tends to let the leaders do his thinking for him,

****

suppressing doubts as to the validity of the ideology and the wisdom of the leader’s#** decision.

#

He repeats their arguments in a dogmatic fashion; persons who are not in the movement find it difficult to debate with him since they start from different premises. His perception is selective in a different way from theirs. The ideology, for example, may lead him to view all government authorities as villains, while the ordinary citizen views them as legitimate leaders, some good, some bad. The end product of this surrender of autonomy may be an altered world-view. Some things taken for granted before becoming part of the movement will never seem the same again, even after leaving the discipline of the movement.’

#*

*(R~)

↓

**(C)

↓

***S~

↓

****M~

↓

#U~

#*– ibid: [[Encyclopaedia Britannica 16:] 615-6

[Paragraphing added in ts. The marginal Circle degree letters are regularly placed in the ms irrespective of sentence length & positioning, & are therefore approximately placed in the ts]

#**{(sic)}

[continued]

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{Alienation}[13th October 1990]

[Redbook8:26][19901013:1459e]{Alienation}[13th October 1990]

.1459

[continued]

(& see also ibid# ff, eg on alienation & failure as factors giving rise to participation in a movement:)*

*

eg

‘Alienation, feelings of powerlessness, hopelessness, and estrangement from society may predispose an individual to participation.’**

.1905***

‘The need to find meaning in a world that does not seem to make sense might be interpreted as a variation of spoiled identity or alienation.’****

*[Text & diagrem repeated from last previous entry]

** – Ibid: [Encyclopaedia Britannica 16:] 615

***(Bin apple-pickin’)

****– ibid. [Encyclopaedia Britannica 16: 615]

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{Personal Transformation and Social Manipulation}[13th October 1990]

[Redbook8:26][19901013:1459d]{Personal Transformation and Social Manipulation}[13th October 1990]

.1459

[continued]

‘Changes also* occur in strategy, which may tend in either of two directions.

**It may emphasise personal transformation,*** bringing about social change by converting a majority of society to implement the values by their actions.

****Or it may emphasise a strategy of social manipulation,*** changing social institutions so that the program may be implemented without regard to the number of people favouring the new order. Failure of a movement to gain a large number of converts, combined with indications that it has at its disposal effective means of coercion, leads to a shift to this type of strategy.’

#

*[See last previous entry]

**

***[Emphasis per original text (italicised)]

****

#[Encyclopaedia Britannica 16:614-5]

[Paragraphing added in ts.]

(& see also ibid# ff, eg on alienation & failure as factors giving rise to participation in a movement:)

[Repeated in next entry]

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{Purpose Cycles}[13th October 1990]

[Redbook8:25-26][19901013:1459c]{Purpose Cycles}[13th October 1990]

.1459

[continued]

‘Progressive changes in goals and strategies.

*

The goals rarely remain unchanged.

**

As the movement endures and grows, they are likely to become broader and vaguer than they were at the beginning. ** Proposals for limited, specific reforms become embedded within programs of general social reform.

***

As the leaders and members begin to acquire a sense of power through early victories, the power orientations of the movement may increase.

****

#

Acquisition of greater power by the population segment that the movement purportedly represents, rather than the implementation of the values of the movement, then becomes a goal.

#*

At the same time, the statement of the movement’s aim in acquiring power becomes vaguer and more utopian.[’]

#**

#***

*[See last previous entry]

**

***M~

↓

****A~?

↓

#J~

↓

#*G~↓

↓

#**R~?

#***[Encyclopaedia Britannica 16:614-5 (per next entry)]

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[See next entry]

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{Membership Cycles}[13th October 1990]

[Redbook8:25][19901013:1459b]{Membership Cycles}[13th October 1990]

.1459

[continued]

*

‘Usually the membership of a movement grows during its career, which introduces an element of greater heterogeneity.

**

In the early stages the followers are deeply committed with almost fanatical dedication to the movement’s values.

***

If the movement gains a measure of respectability in some segment of society, members may be acquired who are not deeply committed.

****

They are likely to have significant reservations about the movement,

#

and their participation is sporadic.

#*

On the other hand, if a movement is publicly defined as revolutionary and subject to harsh oppression,

#**

the membership is likely to be reduced mainly to deeply committed converts or to fanatics who derive some satisfaction from the feeling of being persecuted.[’]##

#***

#****

##*

[See last previous entry]

*(C)

↓

**S~

↓

***M~

↓

****U~

↓

#A~ {Like me in the institutional Church}

↓

#*J~

↓

#**G~

↓

#***R~

↓

#****(C)

↓

##{NB!}

##*[Encyclopaedia Britannica 16:614-5 (per entry after next)]

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[See next entry]

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{Leadership Cycles}[13th October 1990]

[Redbook8:25][19901013:1459]{Leadership Cycles}[13th October 1990]

.1459

‘Progressive changes in leadership and membership.

*

One of the most apparent changes [in a social movement] is a shift in leadership.

**

In its earliest stages the strongest influence on a movement is likely to be the charismatic leader who personally symbolises its values.

***

At some point intellectuals play a leadership role by contributing to the developing ideology of the movement.

****

And if a movement endures and grows for any length of time, administrative leaders arise who are concerned with the practical matters of organisation and strategy.

#

Influence in the movement may shift between these types.[’]

#*

#**

*O[uter] C[ircle:]

↓

**C

↓

***S~

↓

****M~

↓

#U~

↓

#*[Encyclopaedia Britannica 16:614-5 (per next entry but two)]

[Paragraphing added in ts. The marginal Circle degree letters are regularly placed in the ms irrespective of sentence length & positioning, & are therefore approximately placed in the ts. They are shown by ms { brackets to overlap with their immediate neighbours]

#**{This is an accurate description of the development of the institutional Church to date.}

[See next entry]

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{Negative Multiplication}[13th October 1990]

[Redbook8:24][19901013:1100b]{Negative Multiplication}[13th October 1990]

19901013.1100 (Sat)

[continued]

‘Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into relief by poor dress. Her hand and wrist were so finely formed that she could never wear sleeves not less bare of style* than those in which the Blessed Virgin appeared to Italian painters; and her profile as well as her stature and bearing seemed to gain the more dignity from her plain garments, which by the side of provincial fashion gave her the impressiveness of a fine quotation from the Bible — or from one of our elder poets, — in a paragraph of to-day’s newspaper.’**

The underlined section, if I have got it right, says that she always had to wear clothes more ornate then the B[lessed] V[irgin] (M[ary]) in Italian paintings; but the sense of the whole piece is that she wore plain garments and looked more beautiful and dignified for doing so. What one would expect is that her clothes always had to be at least as plain as the B[lessed] V[irgin Mary]’s, in order that her beauty should be properly displayed; otherwise she would be trying to hide her personal beauty by ostentatious dress, which is possible but seems uncharacteristic of her (ie out of line with the rest of the piece). In other words, ‘she could never wear sleeves less bare of style*** that the B[lessed] V[irgin Mary], etc.

But then, I haven’t read Middlemarch.

*[Underlining added in ts]

**George Eliot, ‘Middlemarch’[Chapter 1, opening words;]

cited in Gill, ‘Mastering English Literature’, [Macmillan, 1985] p91 [Chapter 7.2]

{Perhaps misquoted?

[Yes; ‘never’ is not in the published texts, but has been inserted in Gill’s text, which should read as follows: ‘Miss Brooke had that kind of beauty which seems to be thrown into relief by poor dress. Her hand and wrist were so finely formed that she could wear sleeves not less bare of style than those in which the Blessed Virgin appeared to Italian painters; and her profile as well as her stature and bearing seemed to gain the more dignity from her plain garments, which by the side of provincial fashion gave her the impressiveness of a fine quotation from the Bible, – or from one of our elder poets, – in a paragraph of to-day's newspaper.’] ’}

***(ie more ornate)

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