{[Islamic Art –] Visual Arts [continued –] Late Period of Islamic Art}[20th April 1991]

[Redbook9:141][19910420:0953y]{[Islamic Art –] Visual Arts [continued –] Late Period of Islamic Art}[20th April 1991]

19910420:0953

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‘The grand tradition of Ottoman architecture, established in the 16^th century, was derived from two main sources.

One was the rather complex development of new architectural forms that occurred all over Anatolia, esoecially at Manisa, Iznik, Bursa and Selcuk in the 14^th and early 15^th centuries.* In addition to the usual mosques, mausoleums, and madrasahs, a number of buildings called tekkes were constructed to house dervishes (members of mystical fraternities) and other holy men who lived communally. The tekke (or zeviye) was often joined to a mosque or mausoleum. The entire complex was often called a kulliye. All these buildings continued to develop the domed, central-plan structure, constructed by the Seljuqs in Anatolia.

The other source of Ottoman architecture is Christian art. The Byzantine tradition, especially as embodied in Hagia Sophia, became a major source of inspiration. Byzantine influence appears in such features as stone and brick used together or in the use of pendentive dome construction. Also artistically influential were the contacts that the early Ottomans had with Italy. Thus, in several mosques at Bursa, Tur, there are stylistic parallels in the designs of the exterior facade and of windows, gates and roofs to features found in Italian architecture. A distinctive feature of Ottoman architecture is that it draws from both Islamic and European artistic traditions and was, therefore, a part of both.’

**

*{2048J~1280|J~G~1408[ce]}

**– ibid [Encyclopaedia Britannica 22:] 95-96

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