{Islam in Action [continued (5)]}[12th April 1991]

[Redbook9:87][19910412:1644]{Islam in Action [continued (5)]}[12th April 1991]

.1644

‘[‘Umar I (ruled 634-644), Abū Bakr’s successor in Medina,]* defined the ummah [(the community)]* as a continually expansive polity managed by a new ruling élite, which included successful military commanders like Khālid Ibn al-Walīd. Even after the conquests ended, this sense of expansiveness continued to be expressed in the way Muslims divided the world into their own zone, the Dar al-Islām, and the zone into which they could and should expand, the Dār al-Harb, the abode of war.’

**

*[Square brackets per ms]

**– ibid [Encyclopaedia Britannica 22:] 109

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