{Al-Ghazali}[13th April 1991]

[Redbook9:90][19910413:1056h]{Al-Ghazali}[13th April 1991]

19910413.1056

[continued]

‘Al=Ghazāli... was born in 1058* at Tas and in 1091 was made head of the Baghdad Nizamiyah.* For four years, to great admiration, he taught both fiqh*** and kalam**** and delivered critiques of falsafah# and Ismaili thought. According to his autobiographical work Al-Munquidh min ad-dadāl (The Dlivererm from Error), the more he thought, the more he doubted, until his will and voice became paralysed. In 1095 he retreated from public life, attempting to arrive at a more satisfying faith. He undertook a radically sceptical re-examination of all the paths available to the pious Muslim, culminating in an incorporation of the active, immediate and inspired experience of the Sūfis into the Sharī‘ah-ordered piety of the public cult. For his accomplishments, al-Ghazāli was viewed as a renewer (mujaddid), a role expected by many Muslims to be filled by at least one figure at the turn of every Muslim century.’#*

#**

*{2048A~1024CE}

**(state-supported school patronised by Nizam al-Mulk [a vizier of the Turkish Seljuq sultans])

***[Islamic jurisprudence]

****(theology)

#(philosophy)

#*{cf [[Redbook9:106][19910414:1104#]{Philosophy and Mysticism}[14th April 1991],] 106}

#**– ibid [Encyclopaedia Britannica 22:] 120

[PostedBlogger17for22072024]